Raspberry tree or bole raspberry is one of the promising areas of raspberry production. Gardeners are interested in planting and caring for a raspberry tree because it is always more convenient to grow plants that do not require garter and support. The first raspberry plants in the form of a tree, not a bush in our country, were obtained in Moscow at the Institute of Horticulture of VSTISP (1987) by Professor V.V. Kichina from crossing a donor shtambovy-1 with the Stolichnaya variety. Since 1993, this is a new variety - the raspberry tree of Tarus, which was a breakthrough in Russian agronomic science. I want to introduce you to the experience of Gulenin Mikhail Vasilievich in the cultivation of standard varieties of raspberries.
In the late 90s in VSTISP the standard grade Krepysh was obtained, in the early 2000s - Tale.
Tarusa, Krepysh and Skazka - varieties of raspberries of a standard non-permanent type with a fruiting period in the Kuban from mid-June to mid-July.
What is a raspberry tree?
The shoots of the raspberry tree (standard raspberry) are straight, stocky, up to 1.5 m high with dense wood and a non-rising top. They are very similar to small strong trees. These qualities make it possible to grow such plants without special supports, trellises and garters, which significantly reduces the cost, facilitates the care of plantings, and allows them to be cultivated in the field. The fruit buds on the stem stem are very densely located after 1-2 cm, therefore, during flowering and fruiting, the plants look elegant.
Such a raspberry was christened by people as a “raspberry tree”. Varieties Krepysh and Fairy Tale are superior to Tarusa in the quality of berries. The berries are ruby, large from 4 to 10 g, beautifully conical in shape, dense, with good picking and transportability. Tarusa has light red berries, 4-8 g.
In the Kokinsky stronghold of the VSTISP branch, under the leadership of Professor I. Kazakov, work was also carried out in this direction, but only on the repair raspberries. In 1994, scientists S.N. Evdokimenko and V.L. Kulagina received the first in Russia re-cultivating grade of the standard type - Eurasia. The variety is bred from seeds from free pollination of interspecific repair forms. As a variety, it has been propagating since 2005.
Varieties Eurasia has straight shoots up to 1.2 m, large, dark raspberry berries 4-5 g of conical shape, dense. Beginning of fruiting is the end of July, picking berries stretches for two months. Before winter, all stems are completely cut to the ground.
Later, the same scientists at the Kokinsky stronghold obtained a standardized repair grade Penguin, suitable for both manual harvesting and machine harvesting. The bushes are straight-growing, non-obstructing, the height of the bush is 1.1-1.3 m, the berries are dark raspberry, round-conical, large 4-5 g, dense. This variety of standard raspberries is characterized by high keeping quality and transportability. After ripening, the fruits can hang up to 5 days without loss of quality. Beginning of fruiting in the Kuban - from mid-July. Fruiting friendly until the end of August, fully returns the harvest. The second wave of harvest on late shoots from October to frost. All shoots of a raspberry penguin tree are cut to ground level before winter.
Features of planting standard raspberries or raspberries
Stamp raspberries, like regular raspberries, love lighted areas with fertile, well-drained soil. Rows for better lighting should be placed from south to north.
The soil must be prepared in advance (per month). A strip of 60 cm wide is being prepared, into which 2 buckets of humus, 150 g of nitroammophoska, a glass of ash are added per 1 meter. Dig the ground on a bayonet shovel or loosen the cultivator.
Stacked raspberries can be planted from mid-September to late autumn, in spring from early March to late April, and even in winter if soil and weather permit.
Seedlings have one line after 50 cm from each other. Add 1 tablespoon of nitroammophoski to the dug hole, place a seedling, cover the roots with soil, trying to deepen the root neck by no more than 2-3 cm. Then shoots are cut off above the ground, leaving 25-30 cm. The earth around the stem is mulched with humus, watered with water from 5 liters per bush.
Pests of standard raspberries how to fight
In spring, against the spread of fungal, bacterial diseases, raspberry bushes must be treated in March with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid and in May before flowering with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or topaz 10 ml per 10 l of water.
Great damage to the stands of Stambov, like other varieties of raspberries, is caused by a galic mosquito. Gallitsa causes great damage to the crop. Against it, young growth during a mass flight of a mosquito is sprayed on May 10 and 20 with one of the solutions: Actelik or Bi-58 - 15 ml per 10 liters of water. The same treatment must be repeated at the end of July, when the second generation of mosquito comes out.
Raspberry tree care: watering, top dressing, pruning
Stamp raspberries are also demanding on watering, especially during fruiting, so they must be carried out throughout the growing season after about 5-7 days (about 5 liters per bush). So that the land does not dry out in the summer, from the end of May the soil is mulched with a layer of up to 5 cm with rice husk or sunflower, mowed grass, etc. In early spring (March), raspberries are fed with a urea solution - 50 g per 10 liters of water (enough for 3 bushes) or infusion of chicken, mullein.
In May, before flowering, they are fed with a solution of nitroamofoski or nutrivant drip - 2 tbsp. l Ten liters of water for 3 plants.
A good effect is given by foliar top dressing once a month from the moment of budding with solutions with a set of microelements “Ryazanochka for berry crops” - 1 hour per 10 liters of water or “Nutrivant plus fruit” - 2 tbsp. on 10 l of water.
Under adverse weather conditions (frost, heat, sunburn), mechanical damage, inhibited plants are sprayed with anti-stress agent “Aminokat 30%” - 2 tbsp. on 10 l of water. At the end of July, only the fertilized shoots are cut out of the standard varieties Tarusa, Krepysh, Skazka. At the end of September, the bushes are formed: on the 1st bush 5-6 strong shoots are left and the top is trimmed by 10-15 cm.
In the repairing varieties Penguin and Eurasia, which bear fruit on annual shoots since the end of July, the whole aerial part is removed before winter. Only the root overwinter. This allows you to improve the bushes, avoid diseases, reduce the number of pests, get a guaranteed harvest for the next year.
The interest in cultivating and growing raspberries in the Kuban among gardeners is constantly growing. Now, with the advent of standard varieties (raspberry tree), the opportunity for farmers or farms to cultivate large areas of this crop without trellis and garter, which reduces labor costs. Malinovodstvo - one of the most promising areas in agriculture. With proper care, observing the cultivation technology, gardeners and farmers can achieve high yields of this beautiful berry, which is always in demand in the markets of the Kuban.
When writing, the materials used were the newspaper Niva Kubani with the supplement Nivushka, 2014.